Dutiful Characters of Ibsen and Sophocles Essay

Nora of Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House, and Antigone of Antigone (by Sophocles) have all had circumstances pitted against them, yet within these unfavourable circumstances they have duties to perform. Their constraints as women or as people whose destinies are governed by fate have caused them to be without pleasing options in their situations—and through the performance of their duties fate often does its work. They have both acted in ways that cause them to be viewed as the dutiful characters in their stories. Where there have been successes, the achievement of their goals against odds reveals them as hardworking characters who shift to accommodate and adjust to the vicissitudes of life, and who are able to defy hardship and even death to do their duties to those for whom they feel loyalty. The situation given Antigone is not one that can be taken lightly, as defiance of authority within that culture of ancient Greece had the ability to ruin an individual. Such an individual would have to be sure that he or she was acting in accordance with the wishes of the gods. In the play, Antigone is concerned that the lack of burial for her brother (who in her opinion had done no wrong) should be an affront to the gods. Even so, if it was not disliked by the gods, she was willing to defy them in order to satisfy herself—for it was an affront to her and she considered it her duty to rectify the situation. It was a dangerous thing for Antigone to find herself in defiance of the gods (who control fate) and of the king Creon. Her father, Oedipus had in his day found himself on the wrong side of Fate and was ruined as a result (Oedipus, the King). As the daughter of a cursed man, Antigone knew that her fate could be an unfavorable one and that it would serve her best to act in accordance with the wishes of the gods. Yet her duty to her brother was stronger, and she acted as she wished and sealed her fate. In A Doll’s House, Nora’s duty is toward her family as Antigone’s has been, and she too defies odds in order to fulfill them. As Nora reveals her hardships to Mrs. Linde, it is evident that she has tried many ways to create favorable circumstances for her husband. As a dutiful wife, she has made many attempts to create a good home. In order to do this, she embarks on the business of borrowing money so that her family might be able to meet its obligations. She proves herself able to deny her wants in order to fulfill her own obligations to the debt. She uses all the devices she as a woman possesses toward the fulfillment of the goal. She proves herself better equipped than even her husband who, possessing the abilities and opportunities of a man, has not shown half the resourcefulness she has, nor has he accomplished as much. In examining the actions of Antigone, one can demonstrate precisely how she showed her dutifulness throughout the play. She begins by defying the decree of the king, who has denied burial to her brother. Antigone initially asks her sister to help with the burial, â€Å"Will you help these hands take up Polyneices’ corpse and bury it? † (lines 52-53). This plea for help demonstrates how natural Antigone felt her duty toward her brother to be. She expected her sister to share it without question. However, even after her sister refuses, she shows her duty in her ability to act given limited resources in her willingness to do all herself. Upon her sister’s refusal, she replies â€Å"I’ll do my duty to my brother—and yours as well, if you’re not prepared to. I won’t be caught betraying him† (lines 56-58). Though she is not able to influence her sister, she is still demonstrates determination to perform her duty in her ability to create the situation she desires. It is also possible to track the areas in which Nora has shown herself dutiful—and in her duty, resourceful. In the years following the incident, she has managed to repay most of her loan without help, sacrificing the scant pleasures of her life. She relays this here: â€Å"It has been no joke to meet my engagements punctually. You must know, Christina, that in business there are things called installments, and quarterly interest, that are terribly hard to provide for. So I’ve had to pinch a little here and there, wherever I could. † This demonstrates the duty that she has to her husband, children and the service of her debt. She does not show the strain that must have been upon her—remaining strong to her children as a dutiful mother should. She succeeds in single-handedly turning around the fate of her family, while continuing. Her burden was often great, as she expresses, â€Å"sometimes I was so tired, so tired. And yet it was splendid to work in that way and earn money. I almost felt as if I was a man. † Her power of conformity allowed her to transform from passive wife to active and dutiful breadwinner, as she assumes a role generally reserved for those the opposite sex. In both A Doll’s House and Antigone, other characters’ failures in their duty serve to strengthen the effect of the duties performed by Antigone and Nora. Creon (the king) might be seen as dutiful because he carries out the decrees of his throne unrelentingly. Yet, in all his power and his attempts at duty, he fails in comparison to Antigone who braves death in her performance of her duty. All Creon’s power does not gain Antigone’s obedience, and though he declares of Polyneices, â€Å"He’ll be left unburied, his body there for birds and dogs to eat† (lines 234-5) his word is unheeded by Antigone so that what he says will not happen does in fact happen. Antigone’s sense of duty allows her the fortitude to face a king who is backed by an army. She knows that Creon is able to command the country’s armed forces and have her banished or killed for her deed, and yet her loyalty to her brother impels her toward committing the act of defiance. Antigone proves to be the writer of her own fate, and accepts death for the sake of her duty toward her brother. She says, â€Å"Take me and kill me† (line 565) demanding (and receiving) her own death. Ismene, like Creon, can hardly be considered dutiful in that she expresses no real wish to be loyal (at all costs) to her brother. Though she too loved her brother, she fears the power that Creon has to banish or kill dissenters. Her speeches are mainly questions and demonstrate no inclination toward action. She says, â€Å"What? You’re going to bury Polyneices, when that’s been made a crime for all in Thebes? † (lines 54-55). Here she subtly refuses to help Antigone and demonstrates even further the lack of duty she feels. Yet in the face of Antigone’s strong feelings of duty, Ismene cannot prevent the action. Much later when Antigone knows she will die, Ismene asks, â€Å"Even now is there some way I can help? † (line 631). She asks to help now, when she refused her help before, and this reflects not duty but an attempt to pretend loyalty when she knows that no help is now possible. She stands for very little, making very few statements or declarations, and proves herself to be among the least dutiful characters of the play. Again in Ibsen’s A Doll’s House, Nora demonstrates her ability to perform her duties in her dealings with Krogstad. Here, though she is at a disadvantage, she still manages to a large extent to direct the courses of action—showing that her resourcefulness comes to her aid in performing her duties. She is not afraid to stoop to manipulation in order that her obligations are fulfilled. She knows when to act and when to be still and let others do the acting for her. Though she appears not to, she directs Mrs. Linde to use her influence with Krogstad to help her in her situation. After pouring out her woes to Mrs. Linde, Nora makes a false attempt to deter her when she offers to talk to Krogstad. Nora says, â€Å"Don’t; he’ll do you some harm,† fully knowing it to be untrue. Nora’s follow up to this deterrent almost nullifies it: â€Å"Here’s his card. But the letter, the letter-! † This ability to manipulate people and situations is also evidence of the extents to which she will go in order to fulfil her duty to her husband. In contrast to this, Mrs. Linde’s attempt at dutifulness within her own marriage and after pale in comparison to Nora’s She has tried her hand at business, she says, â€Å"I had to fight my way by keeping a shop, a little school, anything I could turn my hand to. † However, this was to no avail. She is still without much money and, though she was married to a rich man, has accomplished not nearly as much as Nora has. Her duty appears to have been directed toward herself and her own enrichment via marriage to a wealthy man. She has demonstrated no strength in her duty toward him in maintaining (or even adding to) the wealth that they once possessed. Nora again proves herself more able even than her husband to control situations—and the success she demonstrates a determination born of her dutiful characteristics. It is here, however, that her dutifulness shifts from her husband toward herself. Even though Torvald does find out about the loan, she discovers his true colors and is no longer led by his desires or taken in by his sweetness. He tempts her with all his charms and fails. He declares at first when the truth comes out, â€Å"you have inherited- no religion, no morality, no sense of duty,† yet a few minutes later when he receives the forged note he says, â€Å"I know that what you did was all for love of me. † He shows want of tact and quick-wittedness to effect a recovery, and Nora’s reason allows her to see this. Meanwhile, her new-found duty toward herself gives her the strength to leave him. She acts in her own best interest, though societal norms and her love for Torvald would have dictated that she remain. In the two plays, Nora and Antigone prove to be the most dutiful characters. While Creon, Mrs. Linde, Torvald and Ismene demonstrate very little (or selfish) duty, Nora and Antigone demonstrate a self-sacrificial duty that stems from loyalty and love of their families. They are willing to do what they feel they must, though odds are pitted against them, and they act even though they may fear the consequences. The events of the two plays Antigone and A Doll’s House are driven by the dutiful figures (Antigone and Nora) that are able to perform feats despite not having the real power to do so. Their duty drives them to accomplish these acts. Both leading characters’ unwillingness to allow events to deny them of their desires to help their family demonstrates the depth to which their loyalty ran, and they prove themselves more dutiful than others who accomplish less even with more resources. Works Cited Ibsen, Henrik. A Doll’s House. Trans. By William Archer. http://academics. triton. edu/uc/files/ dollshse. html. Sophocles. Antigone. Trans. By Ian Johnston of Malaspina Nanaimo: University-College, Canada, http://www. mala. bc. ca/~johnstoi/sophocles/antigone. htm Sophocles. Oedipus Rex. The Harvard Classics. http://www. bartleby. com/8/5/

My Life Essay

Above anything else, I still think that the most ambiguous term, concept, and thing in the world aside from its existence is life. A person’s life can be the most difficult thing to describe, to define, to expound, and to measure. It will always be very challenging for an individual to summarize his of her entire life in nothing but words that do not even measure up to life’s vague beauty, wonders, and mysteries. But in the very best way that I can, combining everything I learned from writing, recounting history, and expressing my thoughts, I shall try to tell you what and how my life is so far. I will choose to tell how my life was in the past, what it is like now, and how I envision it to become in the future in my own tone and perspective. Simplicity is a very relative and subjective term. Some would associate this term with peace and serenity, but I would rather connect it with the ideas of non-extravagant beauty and non-chaotic momentum. And so, I would rather call my life a simple one in this sense. As for my childhood, I realized that this phase is not a completely natural incident and event which happens to everyone. In one way or another, and at least in my own life, I have come to understand that having a childhood is also partly an individual choice that people have to make. More importantly, having a happy childhood is the greater choice which people have to decide on whether they would have it or not. With regard to my own, I chose having a childhood and a worthwhile one. Twenty-three years ago, I cried meaningfully on the [insert date of birth; ex: 25th of December, 1986] which told my parents that I am already existing as a person. Throughout my entire childhood, I cried for various reasons — whenever I got hurt, got disappointed, felt sad, felt annoyed, and felt overwhelmingly happy. All these cries, my life proved, are part of growing up. In my life’s context, these things made me realize that I am but a human being who feels and learns to express what he feels whenever he feels the need for it. Growing up in Turkey, I can say that my past is as colorful and vibrant as my country. My mind never ran out of iridescent and crazy ideas when I was going through my primary and secondary levels of education. I think I owe to my parents the considerable amount of effort they had to sacrifice in order to give me and my one and only sister the kind of education which we can both be proud of. My heart never skipped a beat as it vigorously lived with the glorious days of my childhood and adolescent years when I felt like I was the most powerful and liberated man that God has ever created. In a nutshell, my childhood is something I would always want to reminisce over and over again. And so, I rekindle that vibrant feeling every now and then, especially now that I write this chronicle of my life. Excellence and being well-molded never fascinated me until my parents, together with my mentors at the previous schools that I attended, injected into my consciousness the significance of education to an individual’s betterment. I think that it safe to say that generally, young people dislike going to school very much; however, it was during those days, when I was on the verge of hating school, when I started to realize that education is actually the strongest foundation I could ever have that will equip me with the skills and knowledge to become a competent person in the future. As an average person who grew up with his parents in Istanbul, Turkey and who is still spending his days as a university student under the custody of his parents, I can say that I now have a considerably complete idea of what being a well-molded individual is like. Upon seeing and knowing successful people around me, I have to realize that all their authority, wealth, honor, valor come from a sufficient amount of education and dedication to it. But for me, aside from this, one thing which also aids in creating a well-molded individual in each person is his or her choice of submitting and staying under the guidance of his of her parents, for no parent shall wish for his or her child to go astray. And so, I chose to stay aligned with my parents’ guidance and proved to myself that indeed, parents have the innate ability to know the best and only the best for their children. I have never learned and realized the power of material things. I may have become fascinated with some, but one of the most amazing and valuable things I have learned in my life is that most of the things that can actually give true happiness to people are the intangible things that money cannot purchase in anyway. In several instances, I have also experienced the most typical emotional and psychological milestones that a human being goes through in life. As I entered adulthood, I have realized the value of true friendship and the value of having a special person caring for me. I have also been able to go through several rites of passage that defined my membership to the so called â€Å"in-circles† in my youth. Many times I fell hard and stood up again, never surrendering to the most miserable heartbreaks yet the most meaningful lessons that I can consider indispensable for the rest of my life. Truly, no material form of wealth and luxury can ever compare to the most special things that I regard as my greatest achievements in my life so far; and these include my self-dignity, the seemingly everlasting friendship that I share with my peers, the love I constantly receive from the people around me, and the bright future that shines ahead of me in this point of my life. I chose to value these intangible treasures that will last longer than me and than the ones that will fade after I passed. Yet, no matter how colorful or pleasant my writing will turn out to be, I also believe that life is not always a bed of roses. For several instances, I have received harsh criticisms from people who tried to judge me from a far and tried to measure me as a person without knowing me completely. I have faced several failures that brought me serious humiliation and deep self-disappointment. I also have failed to live up to other people’s expectations a number of times. At one point, I thought these falls were bound to identify and label me as an individual and as a man. But my hopes, aspirations, and visions inside of me that have been kept hidden behind these failures always manage to float above everything else and take over my consciousness. Thus, I chose to believe that I as an individual can only be judged and measured according to how strong and triumphant I succeeded after a fall and not by how hard I fell flat on the ground. I chose to tell you this tale of my life in my endeavor to give myself a hint on how I would want to envision myself in the future. If there is one thing this chronicle has taught me and made me understand about myself, it is that my life is truly made up of great choices, and each choice is a fruit of a trial-and-error process of learning. Right now, the life of being a university student is giving me all the positive thoughts of what my life ahead would become. I could be successful like today’s powerful and affluent people, yes I can say, but I would choose to follow this tale and make a success story of my own, keeping in mind all the vibrant memories I have had from my childhood, all the valuable lectures my parents and my mentors taught me, the inspiration that my sister, my friends, and loved ones gave me, and the indispensable lessons my failures made me realize. Most especially, I would choose to remember my own ambiguous yet insightful definition of what my life is right now and what it will be tomorrow. Thus, I would still choose, and in the future, I know there will still be more choices to make, but I guess that is what life is to me basically — a never-ending ball of choices which define who we are.

Beloved on Slavery

In regards to the novel Beloved Toni Morrison says, â€Å"[The novel] can†t be driven by slavery. It has to be the interior life of some people, a small group of people, and everything that they do is impacted on by the horror of slavery, but they are also people. † Critics argue that the novel is driven by slavery and that the interior life of the protagonists is secondary. This is true because most of the major events in the story relate to some type of slavery. The slavery that drives the novel does not have to be strictly physical slavery. Morrison†s characters are slaves physically and mentally. Although they are former slaves, they are forever trapped by horrible memories. The type of slavery the novel initially depicts does not correspond to what really happened to slaves in the 1800s. At Sweet Home, Mr. and Mrs. Garner treated their slaves like real people. Mr. Garner is proud of his slaves and treats them like men, not animals. . . . they were Sweet Home men — the ones Mr. Garner bragged about while other farmers shook their heads in warning at the phrase. [He said,] â€Å". . . my niggers is men every one of em. Bought em thataway, raised em thataway. Men every one. â€Å"1 The things that occurred at Sweet Home while Mr. Garner is alive are rather conservative compared to what slaves actually suffered during this time period. Under the management of schoolteacher, things change dramatically. He turns Sweet Home into a real slave plantation. He treats and refers to the slaves as animals. He is responsible for the horrible memories embedded in Sethe and Paul D. Sethe feels the impact of slavery to its fullest extent. Slavery pushes her to kill her baby daughter. She feels that is the only way to protect her beloved daughter from the pain and suffering she would endure if she became a slave. The minute she sees schoolteachers hat, Sethe†s first instinct is to protect her children. Knowing that slave catchers will do anything to bring back fugitive slaves and that dead slaves are not worth anything, Sethe took matters into her own hands. On page 164 Sethe says, â€Å"I stopped him. I took and put my babies where they†d be safe. † Paul D asks, â€Å"How? Your boys gone you don†t know where. One girl dead, the other won†t leave the yard. How did it work? â€Å"They ain†t at Sweet Home. Schoolteacher ain†t got em,† replies Sethe. This one incident does not only affect Sethe, but it changes things for Beloved and Denver as well. Beloved loses her life to slavery. Her own mother sacrifices her existence in order to keep her out of slavery. As for Denver, she is indirectly affected by the horrors of slavery. She has to put up with living in a haunted house because her mother refuses to run away again. On page 15 Sethe says, â€Å"I got a tree on my back and a haint in my house, and nothing in between but the daughter I am holding in my arms. No more running — from nothing. I will never run from another thing on this earth. † Sethe becomes a slave again when she realizes who Beloved really is. She feels indebted to Beloved for taking her life. In an effort to gain forgiveness, Sethe decides to focus all her energy on pleasing Beloved. When once or twice Sethe tried to assert herself — be the unquestioned mother whose word was law and who knew what was best — Beloved slammed things, wiped the table clean of plates, threw salt on the floor, broke a windowpane. †¦ Nobody said, You raise your hand to me and I will knock you into the middle of next week. †¦ No, no. They mended the plates, swept the salt, and little by little it dawned on Denver that if Sethe didn†t wake up one morning and pick up a knife, Beloved might. 2 Then there†s Paul D, who replaces his â€Å"red heart† with a tin tobacco box. He refuses to love anything strongly and establish long term relationships because he is still hurting from losing his brothers and friends to schoolteacher. Schoolteacher also takes his pride and manhood away by forcing him to wear a bit. Paul D compares himself to a chicken. On page 72 he says, â€Å"But wasn†t no way I†d ever be Paul D again, living or dead. Schoolteacherchanged me. I was something else and that something else was less than a chicken sitting in the sun on a tub. † As a member of the chain gang he suffers another type of slavery because he is both a prisoner and a sexual servant. Even after he escapes and is a free man, Paul D is still a slave. He is a slave to his memory. Having been through so many horrible events, he has trouble finding happiness again. In her novel, Morrison uses the phrase, â€Å"Freeing yourself was one thing; claiming ownership of that freed self was another. † This applies to each and every one of her characters. Sethe will always be haunted by the memory of killing her own flesh and blood. It will be a long time until Paul D is ready to turn his tin box back into a red heart. While Denver finally ventures out of 124, she is not going to forget being shunned by the community and being held captive by her own house. As for Beloved, she is her own slave. Her constant dependency on Sethe makes her weak. Beloved needs to free herself from Sethe. Though it is hard, she needs to accept what has happened and move on. Beloved is about a group of people and how they deal with life†s hardships. Many issues in the story deal with control. There is a constant struggle for power throughout the novel. Each character fights to free him/herself from something or someone. The major theme in the story is freedom and how to acquire it. The critics are correct in saying that the novel is primarily about slavery, but they should mention that slavery means more than just being an indentured servant.

Policy for Accessible Electronic and Information Technology (EIT) Essay

Policy for Accessible Electronic and Information Technology (EIT) - Essay Example As defined by law, access by persons with disabilities to such technologies must be a prime consideration in procurement, development, maintenance, and use of such electronic and information technology assets by organizations. Access here is in the context of determining whether persons with disabilities are able to gain access to the information technology and electronic assets in the same degree of effectiveness and ease as those without disabilities (United States Access Board; Department of Defense) 2. EIT Resources Thar Are Covered by This EIT Policy All future procurements of electronic and information technology assets by the ABC Company shall be covered by this Accessible EIT Policy. This shall include all electronic and information technology assets that are procured on behalf of employees, contractors, and suppliers. Likewise, this Accessible EIT Policy shall apply to supplier-provided electronic and information technology assets that are to be used for all future project e ngagements, where the users of such assets include internal employees and consultants of the ABC Company(US Department of Commerce). For electronic and information technology assets prior to the adoption of this Policy, considerations of undue burden shall apply, and where no such undue burdens exist, the policy shall be to retroactively apply the provisions of this policy to such assets, reconfiguring, modifying, and enhancing such older assets as necessary to comply with the legal accessibility mandates for EIT (United States Access Board; US Department of Commerce). 3. Scope of Policy This policy shall cover policy background; legal foundation/basis for the policy formulation and promulgation; the policy details themselves; exceptions to the policies and the definition of policies to determine the nature and extent of undue burdens when they are found; Key officers in the ABC Company touched by the Accessible Policy, their roles and responsibilities; and the reference documents u sed for this Accessible EIT Policy (Office of Environmental Information) 4. EIT Policy Background There is a need for the ABC Company, as a surrogate of a federal agency and providing vital services on behalf of several federal agencies, to come up with an accessible EIT policy that complies fully with the law, and that resonates with the internal accessibility of EIT policies of the federal agencies that the ABC Company serves. As such, there is a need to formulate and promulgate an accessible EIT policy, which this draft document aims to accomplish (Office of Environmental Information) 5. Legal Basis and Authority for the EIT Policy Section 508 of the 1973 Rehabilitation Act of the United States stipulates standards for accessible electronic and information technology or EIT. As a provider of crucial services to several federal agencies in the United States, the ABC Company is bound by law to provide a comprehensive policy of accessibility for electronic and information technology (United States Access Board): Section 508 requires that when Federal agencies develop, procure, maintain, or use electronic and information technology, Federal employees with disabilities have access to and use of information and data that is comparable to the access and use by Federal employees who are not individuals with disabilities, unless an undue burden would

Financial Research Report Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Financial Report - Research Paper Example Louis, Missouri. It is a main maker of hereditarily designed (GE) seed and of the herbicide glyphosate, which it advertises under the Roundup brand. Established in 1901 by John Francis Queeny, Monsanto at first delivered nourishment added substances like saccharin and vanillin, ventured into modern chemicals like sulfuric corrosive and PCBs in the 1920s, and by the 1940s was a noteworthy maker of plastics, including polystyrene and manufactured filaments. Outstanding accomplishments by Monsanto and its researchers as a compound organization included achievement inquire about on reactant awry hydrogenation and being the first organization to produce light transmitting diodes (LEDs) in a large scale. The organization additionally once made dubious items, for example, Agent Orange, PCBs, the bug spray DDT, and recombinant bovine somatotropin (also referred to as bovine development hormone) (Monsanto: form 10-K, 2014). Monsanto Company, alongside its subsidiaries, is one of the principal worldwide suppliers of agricultural products. The company’s seeds, biotechnology attributes, herbicides, and accuracy farming items give agriculturists arrangements that enhance efficiency, decrease the expenses of cultivating, and deliver better nourishments for purchasers and better encourage for creatures. Monsanto’s business operations are divided into two sections: Seeds and Genomics and Agricultural Productivity. The company views its Seeds and Genomics fragment as the driver for its future development. In the Agricultural Productivity section, worldwide glyphosate makers have considerable ability to supply the business sector, and the Company anticipates that this global limit will keep up the weight on edges (Monsanto: form 10-K, 2014). The position of Monsanto in the business can be dictated by a considerable measure of components, for example, market share, market capitalization, and so forth. The examination will determine the organizations

Performance Appraisal Systems in Human Resource Management Research Paper - 1

Performance Appraisal Systems in Human Resource Management - Research Paper Example The beauty and challenge of managing organisations are achieving unity in diversity towards a collective goal. In this context, control becomes inevitable in the organisation because without it, the organisation will forfeit itself, as the organisation is a pre-determined social order collectively working towards one goal achieved through controlled performance (Buchanan & Huczynski 1997, quoted ‘What is an organisation?’ n.d: 1). With employees at the centre of the organisation, productivity can only be achieved if and only if employees perform efficiently and effectively. In this context, human resources mean â€Å"the traits that people bring to the workplace [organisation] – intelligence, aptitude, commitment, tacit knowledge and skills, and ability to learn† (Javed 2009: 3). And one of the many old ways management achieves this is through performance appraisal. Performance appraisal can be historically traced back to Fredrick Winslow Taylor’s pioneering studies of Time and Motion, but as a system management tool for evaluating employees’ performance, it really dates back to World War II (Steel Authority of India Ltd. 2008: 3), yet, it has become an integral part of the life of organisation, that has continually evolved until today trying to respond to the rapidly changing times and needs. Having a strong impact on employees’ working lives, performance appraisal has become not only an issue dividing management and employees into two contending sides but also a favourite topic of debate among theorists and practitioners.  

Analysis of Education Reforms Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analysis of Education Reforms - Research Paper Example The meaning of education has changed severally throughout history. This has been due to debates by scholars over what experiences and content result in an individual or society being educated. Education can be formal and informal. Formal education refers to the organized process of instructing, developing and training individuals within a formally structured, certified and approved program or environment. Formal education follows a pre-described curriculum that is administered by trained and qualified personnel. It is usually supported by governments and it leads to formal certification. Informal education, on the other hand, refers to education that takes place outside a formally structured and organized school environment. It is usually not compulsory and some governments may support it while others may not. Formal certification is not given for informal education (Guthrie 43). Generally, formal education in most jurisdictions begins at pre-school. It then proceeds to primary schoo l, secondary school and finally to higher education. The demand for improved education and the efforts towards high-quality standards have necessitated education reforms in the education sector. Education reform is broadly interpreted to mean the major change in how individuals formally access information and knowledge. Education reforms can be implemented by enforcing broad changes in the curriculum. The reforms can also be implemented by educational stakeholders and individual educators (Blackburn 19). This paper focuses on the stands of ancient scholars concerning education and the opinions of modern reformists on the same. It also highlights my position as the writer and which side I agree with. It describes why I subscribe to the school of thought that I have chosen and why I think the ancient schools of thought were misleading. According to Plato, children can never be forced to learn! They can only learn effectively if they want to. In his book, The Republic, he says that lea rning which is compulsory will never stick in the mind of the learner. However, modern education reforms focus on the spread of compulsory education worldwide. Those who subscribe to this school of thought claim that there were no widespread educational reforms until organized schooling became adequately systematized. Personally, I vehemently disagree with Plato and all those who subscribed to his school of thought. I believe in compulsory education for all. Compulsory education may be described as a period whereby all persons that fall under a prescribed age group, usually 6 to 16 years, attend formal educational facilities. It may also be the compulsory educational attendance of all persons up to a certain grade. In the modern world, democracy, economic growth, and compulsory education have improved the quality, attendance, and value of education. They have created an awareness of the importance of education for all (Swassing 28). I believe that all persons, children or adults, sh ould have continuous access to effective and high-quality education.  Ã‚  

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 102

Summary - Essay Example He further estimates that about 80 percent of the people will feel no change, while 17 percent or more will realize the benefits. In addition, condition of approximately two or three percent of the people will be worse off. These category consist of beneficiaries of the inequitable nature of the current health-insurance system. This is because they will pay more money if the health-insurance companies stop the inequality in service delivery. He gives an example that in the past years when they stopped the discrimination against the blacks and women in working environments, amount paid increased because employers started to treat all their employees equally. It is evident that Jonathan Gruber is perturbed about the Republican hatred for the law regardless of the quality and opportunities it offers. He points out that they do not address the real challenges of the ineffective private healthcare sector, which is a liability on the country economy. In his view, the republicans do not take into consideration the millions of uninsured adults who lack access to basic health care services. Instead they view a Heritage Foundation, free-market-designed, private healthcare exchange scheme as a communist plot. Most importantly, they fail to acknowledge their incompetency in service delivery. He concludes by suggesting that opposition to Obama care is a revolt against own

Investment Appraisal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Investment Appraisal - Essay Example However, there are various risks that emanate from the uncertainty encompassing the projected variables. As a result, it is important to identify and understand the nature of uncertainty in the key project variables and have the tools and methodology to identify its risk implications on the projects return to be able to evaluate the project risks. Uncertainty in a project is evident especially in estimating future values of project variable as being certain; by calculating a â€Å"best estimate† based on the available data and use it as an input in the evaluation model: however, a range of other probable outcomes for each project variable is not included in the analysis. The outcome of the project is, therefore, also presented as a certainty with no possible variance or margin of error associated with it. Risk analysis is methodology whereby the uncertainty encompassing the main variables projected in a forecasting model is analyzed in order to estimate the impact of risk on a projected results. It is a technique based on the Monte Carlo simulation by which a mathematical model is subjected to a number of simulation runs, whereby successive scenarios are built up using various input values for the project's key uncertain variables that are selected from multi-value probability distributions. After simulation, the results are collected and analyzed statistically to arrive at a probability distribution of the potential outcomes of the project and to estimate various measures of project risk.

West Side Story, Porgy, and Bess Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

West Side Story, Porgy, and Bess - Essay Example Porgy and Bess is a musical movie that is set among the black residents of South Carolina. The black residents stay in a fishing village in South Carolina (Fisher, 29). Bess is a black woman who wants to break up with her husband become he is a murder suspect. Porgy is a cripple who stays in the town of Catfish Row, who falls in love with Bess. Bess is a beautiful woman who finds herself addicted to drugs because of frustrations. She has several suitors, and she is at the mercy of the community members. Porgy ends up killing Crown when he returns to try winning the love of Bess. The two movies talk about the theme of love. It is evident that the film West Side Story talks about the idea of love with the principal actor Riff falling in love with a girl from a rival group of individuals. The riff is born in the neighborhood, and his gang controls the streets (Lehman et al. 69). The Sharks is a rival gang from Puerto Rico, and they hate the Jet gangs. The two agree to meet secretly beca use of their respective positions in society. Their love grows deep, and this relationship hurts the people around them even more. On the other hand, Bess is the protagonist in the movie Porgy and Bess. It is because the whole plot of the movie revolves around her. She falls in love with Crown, who is a suspect in a murder. Crown flees and leaves Bess frustrated. She gets involved with drugs and later Porgy falls in love with her.   Catfish Row accepts the presence of Bess, and it makes her happy.   Nobody was willing to offer shelter to Bess except Porgy. Porgy goes jail and upon his return to the area he finds out that, there is no presence of Bess. He later finds out that Bess had left for New York with Sportin' Life.   Sporting Life is one of the suitors of Bess, who introduces her to drugs.

Thelma and Louise Essay Example for Free

Thelma and Louise Essay This movie is talking about an adventure of two women, who are middle age good friends and they plan to have a fun just for 2 days originally. However, after the accident happened in the parking lot of a bar on their way to their destination, everything went wrong and their vacation was like a disaster. But during their trip, they survived, they found out their way to live and found back their self-respect so I think it is a good model as a feminism movie and that’s way I choose this movie. Then let me introduce the movie and analysis it. In the beginning of the movie, it introduces the two women main character Thelma and Louise who are all beautiful and middle aged. But Thelma’s husband who is a very male chauvinism man, restricting his wife at home and going out anywhere himself, shouting at his wife and keeps commanding his wife rudely. On the other hand Louise is a waitress, having a boyfriend but not marry yet. I think in the late 1900s women are still oppressed by the society and men. Even though the film does not mention the era, I can figure the time easily because the social status of women is still low and equivalent to the other film â€Å"North Country†. After a routing insult from her husband, Thelma decides to go having fun with Louise without her husband’s permission and this is the first step that makes her find herself. When they are on the road, Thelma becomes wild, passionate and crazy and energetic like she is just released from the jail. She also mentions that she feels the call of the wild. When they stop driving for fun in a bar, she is cheated by man’s sweet words and dancing with him. I think because this is the very first time she expresses herself, and compared with Louise, Thelma is more innocent and reckless. So the consequence is that she is nearly to be raped. But honestly, what she has done? She just has some fun like anyone else. But the women will be raped and the men are not, from this accident I think that the social back ground very look down on women and even don’t respect them at all. I think that Louise is smarter and stronger than Thelma; maybe because she is a waitress, she has more chances to face the people and the society. So when something bad happens to Thelma she arrives and saves her immediately. Accidentally, Louise shots the man dead, both her and Thelma are afraid and scared; they have two choices, calling the police or just run away, but Louise knows that the police will not believe them so they just escape anyway. I think Louise shots the man dead because, first she had the same experiences like Thelma in the past and the second is that the man does not apologize instead calling them bitch. She says to that man (who states that he and Thelma are just having fun) â€Å"when women cried, that does not mean they are having fun! And the gun which be brought by Thelma is the key point of the whole film, starting their life as the runaways. I think if they were calling the police for the dead man right away the consequence would be different. But the raping crime has no witness except themselves and they know that no one is going to believe them. In a male chauvinism society no one will stand on their side (both law and policeman), so they choose to escape, differing from â⠂¬Å"North country†, the two girls do not fight against the law in the court but by running away. On the road, they come into a hot guy who is called J. D. and Thelma very likes him because he is handsome and humorous. In the same time, Louise contacts with her boyfriend, Jimmy, to get enough money for the trip. Jimmy is one of the two kind men in this film, and no matter what happen to Louise he will wait her. After getting the money, Louise asks Thelma to keep it safe; however, Thelma focuses on having fun with J. D. because he is totally different from her husband. When Thelma tells Louise how awesome he is and she left him in the room, Louise rushes to the room for the money. As expected, the money was stolen and they have nothing. Most of the men in the film are bad guys and emphasizes the feminism of this film. Thelma’s anxious husband and the man who wants to rape Thelma make them want to fight against men instead of being oppressed by them. Feminism movies always need male chauvinism to contrast the awakening of women. And this trip, they call it vacation, is a wakening for them to find themselves. On their way, Thelma becomes smarter and finds her truth personality gradually. For surviving, Thelma even robs a store with her gun and I really admire her courage even though that means they have to escape from state to state. I think maybe she is more innocent than Louise and having less experience but actually she is the one dare to do anything. This also can be detected in the beginning of the film that she goes out with Louise without her husband’s permission, and also can be seen when she makes a call to her husband during the trip, her husband asks her go home right away and Thelma just reply â€Å"f***ing yourself†. I think these behaviors cause from she just let herself get out of the constraint which restricts her soul for so long. There is another man who drives a gas car keeping annoy them on the road. He keeps saying â€Å"suck my dick† this kind of dirty languages, several times Louise and Thelma just ignore and overtake the gas car. At the last time they cannot bear anymore, they stop the car and negotiate with the man, asking him apologize. Like the one they met in the bar, he just says bad languages to them. But this time the two women are not afraid of holding guns and both of them shots the gas car. They are not cowards anymore because they go through all of these chaoses and conquer them. After be chased by police for so long, in the end of the movie they are surrounded by the police army. Both of them do not want to be arrested and sent back to the male society, Louise is not going to give up and Thelma would rather keep going into the canyon than get caught, it is a decision between life and death. So in the end they just kiss each other and driving away from the police, rush into the canyon by holding hands with each other. I think this movie is a model feminism film because the main characters are two women, not men. And their changing during the trip which they called â€Å"vacation† is very profound. I think what makes them change is that the press and insult from man for so long, and this trip exactly makes them figure out why they have to endure? Why they have to put up with all these things. When they figure out they have nothing to lose, they just set themselves free anyway and do whatever they want. In the end of the movie, their courage to die together instead of being caught is very impressive and makes me think what I would do if I were them. They even smile when they face the death; I think they must have strong souls which fight against for them. And the death also represent that they look down on this male society, it’s hopeless for them to live. So they just want to keep going to the death I supposed. And I very appreciate that spirit.

An End to Animal Abuse Essay Example for Free

An End to Animal Abuse Essay â€Å"Animals are dying all over the world and becoming endangered species mostly because of animal abuse and cruelty† (James Gorman). It is a worldwide problem that will continue unless people are concerned about it or stop doing it. There should be more laws regulating child labor. Animal abuse stops scientists from researching animals. Animals become endangered species. It also causes psychological effect. Animal abuse must be abolished. One reason animal abuse must be abolished is because it stops scientists from researching other animals. â€Å"Researching animals helped make medicines for terrible diseases.† (James Gorman). One endangered animal is the chimpanzee, which is endangered because of being trapped in cages. Another reason animal abuse should be abolished is that animals die and become endangered species. â€Å"Breeds of horses face endangerment and extinction because of animal abuse.† (www.horsetradition.com). These horses get slaughtered by people for their meat because people think horses can cure HIV. Some horses are killed because of religion. Last reason animal abuse should be abolished is that animal abuse causes psychological effect. â€Å"This means animals are shy and aggressive because of being injured and hurt. The most negative thing about animal abuse is psychological effect.† (James Gorman). As you can see, there are many reasons why there should be more laws regulating animal abuse. Animals getting injured and hurt badly causes many horrible things. It makes scientists give up on their research on animals, animals get close to endangerment or extinction, and most importantly, it will cause effects when animals are hurt. If you see animals getting abused or treated bad, call the ASPCA. They are professionals and save and find homes for animals every day.

Customer Relationship Management of Coca Cola

Customer Relationship Management of Coca Cola Customer relationship management is managing the interactions between the  customers, clients ,sales prospects and the company. CRM needs technology to organise sales activities, marketing, technical support and customer service. The Aim is to find new clients, retain the old customer those the company already have and reduce the cost of marketing and the service provide to the customers. CRM shows the company strategy including the customer interface department and other departments. (Buttle, 2000) Customer relationship management is the development and maintenance of mutually beneficial long-term relationships with strategically significant customers. CRM support the relationship between a business and its customers are to Acquire Enhance Retain Relationship marketing that views customers as assets and emphasizes retaining customers by nurturing and sustaining a relationship with them. It involves building the value for the customer and giving the perception that the company and the customer are partners. Relationship marketing creates bonds with customers bu fully understanding and responding to their needs, requirements and problems with customized personal service. Marketing Mix is used to indicate the integrating of several variables to satisfy specific consumer needs. The task of the marketing manager is to form these variables into marketing mix that meets the needs of each consumer group or market segment targeted by the company. The most widely used marketing mix is the Four Ps Product Price Promotion Place QCI Model Introduction on Coca Cola Company Coca cola is the world largest beverage company. They sell their products over 200 countries and over one billion of their products is consumed each day. Maintaining the finances and logistics is the crucial task. Coca Cola started using a system called the legacy system which found to be very inefficient. This system was generating high cost and was not user friendly. All the finical plans are entered manually and used to re entered for updating the information.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  When Coca cola expanded this became more crucial for their success.   Coca Cola need a far more advance business management system. So Coca Cola decided to use SAP Strategic Enterprise Management.  They implemented SAP financials into their business in order to handle the financial processes of the corporation. SEM provides Business Planning Simulation for finances, Data Warehousing for information collection and data analysis, and can also generate financial reports and monthly sales forecasts.     Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   QCI Model for Coca Cola Company Business strategy of Coca Cola is Think local, act local.  The integration between the local bottlers and delivery to the customers is crucial to the companys overall efficiency and keeping the customers satisfied. Full-service vending, Direct Store Delivery (DSD), and equipment services are very important for bottlers business operations and profit centres.  DSD gather customer information to distributors. With that specific data they improve cost control in delivering products.   They receive request from Sales representatives, Mobile device and Service staff. With these details the store can respond easily to the customers and make the process more efficiently. The RFID gives feedback that benefits research, marketing and product development We can improve customer service and satisfaction using better CRM. Using advance CRM we can get the required information of the customer. IT system again collects all the data and analysis them and provide information to provide a better product that suit the customer needs. Using SAP CRM system Coca-Cola was able to achieve their goal of customer focus. The CRM helps the existing processes and also improve the new functions to satisfy the customer. These kinds of CRM help updates and improve the market share for the computer and create a better name with the customer and also reduce the cost for transportation.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   The CRM in Coca Cola also handle customer service support where you can direct talk to the person in the company for problem with the product. They have different type of service all around the world. They provide the customer service not only through feedback, email and telephone but also through monitoring and many types of analysis. So by this collaborative CRM, Coca Cola has provided efficient customer service to gain customer satisfaction. Coca Cola was able to continue to grow with the demands as they were able to provide to their customer needs. They always focus on to satisfy the customer needs with the new infrastructure of CRM,ERP and well maintained SCM system they were able to achieve the goals which they really needed to satisfy the customers. By this way there were able to be in the top in the beverage industry. They are still facing a lot of problem to be in the top position but well maintain CRM will never lose the position. (E.Neville Isdell 2005), As we have always done in the past, I know that this industry will rise to the occasion. Coca Cola has taken many steps to win back the customer and to retain the existing customer. They have created a fan page in Facebook which became a very popular with the customers and when they are connected to Facebook, They can actually keep on getting update on recent action by Coca Cola. They can send group message in Facebook. Can gain feedback from customer and provide solution online. Coca Cola is able to advertise in Facebook and gain more customers through the social site. Coca Cola also can gain all the details of the customer from the Facebook page and provide appropriate personalized service to gain more customer and also retain the existing customers. These kind of social networking site help the company to be closer to the customers. Marketing and Advertising in these kind of site will also help the company to grown better. Some of the company does not accept this fact but Coca cola established their Facebook fan page in the third quarter of 2008 by the mid of 2009 there were around 3.4 million fan. But this fan page was created by a Coca Cola fan after much consideration Coca Cola used it as a promotion page and a place where they can build a relationship with the customers. Coca Cola gained a idea and used this Facebook page as a promotion page and was able to gain information from the Facebook wall and provide promotional offers to the customers. They created many ways to keep in touch with the customer by creating Application online for computers and mobile phone. They also provide exclusive sneak peeks for the customer in Facebook. Coca Cola was able to maintain this Facebook page and gather the required information and be in contact with the customers. The company able to attract all the customer, When you go to the Facebook wall page you can see all the language. From this we can see that the company is able to build a good name in all the countries. Coca Cola is the second largest fan page in Facebook as they are around 3.4 million fans in it. When we calculate the number of members join per day would come around 3500. So Coca Cola through this is the best way for promotion and gaining the customer feedback. Coca Cola was able to bring a new innovate vending machine with fountain dispenser called Freestyle. In this the customer can customize their own drink from 100 combinations and this was the first time they can have provide 100 combinations which are not introduced before. The most important about the freestyle vending machine was it is connected to SAP system. So it collect all the customer data and stored in CRM system. It also identifies if the freestyle machine needs to be refilled or not. So they can easy refill it and it also uses the RFID. The Vending machine also has major disadvantage when there is out of stock of the item. Customer can easily choose other product so Coca Cola has to main there strategy in this to maintain the stock and to gain the customer satisfaction. So vending machine should be place in appropriate place where there is easy access of refilling and places where we can cover a lot of customers. We can also find out which products which has sold more and the product which is contribute more profit. We can provide many different products to the customer by giving different product at same day. This is the best way to sell the product more effectively. We can use credit card to pay for the drink which can also provide loyalty points so we can get a free product once a while. It can also identify your drink with the card and you can easily select it and pay for it. This is all built in the vending machine so it is more user friendly for the customer to order and get their favourite drink easily. This is how Coca Cola is able to attract more customer and provide the customer what they required. Coca Cola is trying to take a bigger step by creating a beverage on the spot for the customer and not to put it in a vending machine. Customer can select the required ingredients with a touch screen and we can track the inventory and the customer favourite product so we can serve the customer the better. This is a major operational CRM used attract customer into the company. This is a major step for Coca Cola but being the leader in beverage they need to take necessary step and new innovative idea to be in the top position. Coca Cola has started a new marketing environment by providing a unique pin number in the bottle which can be used to save 75 cents of the mobile bill. They can also gain point for icoke from this system. So this is one of the best marketing techniques to gain customer by giving offer to their daily use products. Coca Cola has worked on this strategy and made some more advance option in it and applied it to United Kingdom. Where you can get the redeemed instantly with the wireless service and get some credit of the minutes. Coca Cola customer gain icoke points from this way and they can use these points to purchase tickets and get some discount on direct purchase. Coca Cola has also joined with Mc Donalds and provide varies offer in purchasing a meal. These kinds of offer revoke the customer and make them purchase the drink. Coke also sells four out of five drinks in all major countries so consumers are able to select and purchase the drink with selected offers. Coca Cola has done one of the best marketing with the Air Bonus. It does not have any back office work. Customer can get the discount instantly without any problem. Mobile phone is a daily use product which helps the customer more. The phone is used a like a loyalty card. They also create a lot of contest online and make customer to play for exiting prize. This kind of action revokes customer to purchase coke. Customers Go Better With Coke As Coca Cola is working on this kind of strategy by creating a Fan page and using a better CRM and SCM process they are able to serve the customer easily and personalizing each customer needs and providing drink according to their taste. This kind of promotion can create word of mouth in office and other entrainment centre where people can take a time out and have some drink and talk about it in online and provide valuable feedback. This can create a major buzz in about the product and help expanding bigger. We can attract new customer with this kind of CRM strategy and retain the existing customer. We can also win back the customer by creating personalizing service. My view on Coca Cola While expanding the company they started to use advance CRM strategy which help the company to grow better and Coca Cola also understand the customer needs and provided innovative vending machine like freestyle made the customer to like Coca Cola. They provided exiting offer to the existing customer with icoke points and discount in phone bill. They used the IT system to get feedback and also made a quality monitoring in customer service made the customer more satisfied. They also used Facebook Fan page as a biggest promotion centre and provided some seek peek for customer. Coca Cola fan page is the second largest fan page in Facebook. We have used the QCI model on this case study to clearly study the Coca Cola CRM process. Conclusion The overview of this case study clearly provides information that using advance CRM strategy help Coca Cola to achieve their goal without losing their market. They were able to provide offers and started some contest online to play and win exiting prizes. They have created a freestyle vending machine where a customer can make his own drink from 100 combinations. This was one of the biggest step for Coca Cola. They were able to do online promotion in one of the top Social networking site. There were able to gain the largest number of fans in it. Coca Cola is able to collect data from vending machine, mobile, Customer service, online network and provide solution and give personalized service to the customer. Coca Cola is able to win back there customer with the new freestyle vending. Coca Cola is able to manage their top position in beverage with their advance CRM process.

Cellular Respiration Lab Report Essay -- essays research papers

Cellular Respiration Lab Report I.Introduction In this lab we are measuring the amount of oxygen used in both germinating and non germinating peas. We are measuring the oxygen consumption by taking a reading of a respirometer submerged in two water baths. The first bath will be cold water and the second warm to determine the effect of temperatures on oxygen consumption. Our negative control will be glass beads to measure to increase or decrease in atmospheric pressure or temperature changes. There is a direct relationship between oxygen consumption and Carbon Dioxide produced, therefore the more O2 consumed the more CO2 produced. To keep the amount of CO2 produced from canceling out any pressure gained or lost from the consumption of CO2 we are adding KOH(Potassium Hydroxide) to the respirometers. Since the CO2 will be selectively removed the change in the volume of gas in the respirometer should be directly related to the oxygen consumed. In this experiment the germinating peas, in both water baths, should consume much more oxyg en than the non-germinating peas or the glass beads, because germination has began thus accelerating cellular reactions and the rate of respiration. The cold water bath should slow the respiration down in all three respirometers. II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Materials and Procedures. For this experiment we have prepared to water baths. One bath is ice water, around 10 degrees Celsius, the other warm, around 25 degrees Celsius. Both water bath...

Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun :: essays research papers

The Younger family is an African-American family living on the South Side of Chicago in the 1950s. Walter Lee Younger’s father has passed away, leaving ten thousand dollars from life insurance. This drama deals with how the family copes with this money, their dreams, race, and each other. During the play, Mama says, â€Å"Sometimes you just have to know when to give up some things†¦and hold on to what you got.† This statement relates to Walter, Beneatha, and Mama’s lives, because they each learn to give up and hold onto things. In the end, Beneatha holds onto what ideally should be important. Through Asagai, she realizes that she is slowly being assimilated into the American culture, which is shown by her unnaturally straight hair. After Agasai questions her hair, she cuts it, and later stands up for her heritage before George. This shows she holds onto her heritage and takes pride in it. In scene three she shows she holds onto her dream of becoming a doctor, and also her family, along with Asagai. Throughout the play Beneatha must also give up things. In holding on to her heratige, she gives up material things. Along with this she must give up George Murchison. She can’t accept his negativity about expressing their African heritage. She learns what to give up and hold onto mostly through Asagai. He helps her find her identity, which is just what she is looking for. She holds onto what is dear to her and what helps her explore herself. Walter is a very troubled individual. He believes that everything can be solved with money. By the end of the play, however, that belief is let go. He now believes that a close-knit family can solve much more than money. He rekindles his relationship with his wife, Ruth, and realizes how important she really is in his life. Momentarily, he gives up his family’s pride to the idea of Mr. Linder’s offer of more money, but when the time eventually does come for him to make the decision, he realizes how important it is to his family, and he decides to hold onto pride and give up money even after Willy Harris ran off with the money. Walter tries to hold onto his dream of owning a liquor store and making a lot of money for his family, but lets it go after losing the money and realizing family is more important.

foolear Importance of the Fool in Shakespeares King Lear Essay

Importance of the Fool in King Lear    William Shakespeare's genius came from how closely he intertwined the two seemingly mutually exclusive realms to appeal to all socio-economic groups in his audience. The character of the Fool provides the closest intercourse of the two realms between King Lear's royalty and Poor Tom's poverty, while still maintaining their separation. The Fool's role in King Lear was to counteract the King's follies in order to bring him to his senses. With his honesty, wit, and clever wordplay that interweave foreshadowing and practical advice, the Fool entertains not only the King, but the audience as well, and brings some light and humour into this tragedy. All the characters in King Lear, apart from the Fool, are interconnected and of great importance to the story of King Lear and his daughters and the story of Edmund, Edgar and Gloucester. The character of the Fool did not have influence over Lear's decision to divide the kingdom, nor did the Fool have any connection with the subplot. Perhaps, for this reason many directors argue over the importance of his character. One should be able to realize that the presence of the Fool did not influence the overall impact of the play and that the two major plots would have occurred with him or without him. The character of the Fool should not be excluded from the play as this would damage the balance of tragedy versus comedy that was deliberately set up by Shakespeare, which would result in a loss of audience. There is a saying that goes, "Only fools and children tell the truth". Shakespeare does a great job of illustrating this saying through the Fool's character. The Fool is being loyal and honest to his master Lear no matter how painful the truth may... ...y reveals much of that friendly connection that the audience is asking for. Therefore, for all these reasons, I believe that the character of the Fool should not be taken out of the play even though it doesn't have a role in the two major plots of the play. Works Cited and Consulted Bradley, A.C. "King Lear." 20Lh Century Interpretations of King Lear. Ed. Jane Adelman. New Jersev; Prentice-Hall, 1978. Colie, C.L. "The Fool in King Lear." 20th Century Interpretations of King Lear. Ed. Jane Adelman. Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1997. Hunter, Robert G. Shakespeare and the Mystery of God's Judgments. University of Georgia Press, 1996. Knights, L.C. "On the Fool". 20th Century Interpretations of King Lear. Ed. Jane Adelman. New Jersey; Prentice-Hall, 1978. Snyder, Susan. "King Lear and the Prodigal Son." Shakespeare Quarterly. Autumn 1966. pps. 361-369.

The Definition of Prose

A. DEFINITION OF PROSE Prose  is a form of  language  which applies ordinary  grammatical structure  and  natural flow of speech  rather than  rhythmic structure  (as in traditional  poetry). While there are  critical debates  on the construction of prose, its simplicity and loosely defined structure has led to its adoption for the majority of spoken dialogue, factual discourse as well as topical and fictional writing. It is commonly used, for example, in literature, newspapers,  magazines, encyclopedias, broadcasting, film,  history,  philosophy, law  and many other forms of communication.Prose is a form of writing that does not fall into any particular formal structure and types of prose can include drama, articles, novels, short stories, letters, history, philosophy and biographies. Prose is a term applied to any kind of discourse that is not poetry. This term usually, but not always, refers to written rather than spoken language. As the format of e veryday communication, the term prose can apply to anything from a business letter to a 600-page novel. It may be easier to define prose by examining how it differs from poetry: the distinctions between the two are most evident in the structure.Prose does not have a rhythmical construction like most poetry, nor does it utilize the specific line breaks associated with verse. It does not require the use of rhyming words at the end of lines, and it is does not employ the brevity and economical use of words for which poetry is often known. There are some elements of poetry, however, that prose does utilize. These elements include the use of metaphor, the comparison of two unlike objects, and alliteration — the use of similar sounds at the beginning of words.Prose can also employ imagery, a term for the use of specific details that help to create the concrete visual world in the mind's eye. Imagery is like a painting made out of words. From the Latin words prosa oratio, which mean â€Å"direct speech,† prose is the dominant form in literature. It the accepted mode of writing for novels, short stories, plays and folk tales. This form is also used on the Internet and in everyday business communication B. TYPES OF PROSE There are seven types of prose which is regular speech or writing, not poetry. 1. Short StoryShort Stories are a kind of prose that normally comprises of less than 10,000 to 20,000 words but can be limited to as less as 500 words. This form of prose has been around for thousands of years and probably the oldest example is an Egyptian short story entitled â€Å"The Two Brothers†, from around 3200 B. C. A  short story  is a work of fiction, usually written in  narrative  prose. Often depicting few characters and concentrating a ‘single effect' or mood, it differs from the  anecdote  in its use of  plot, and the variety of  literary techniques  it shares with the more extensive  novel.Although the short story is expressly defined by its length, the precise length of stories that can be considered ‘short' varies between critics and writers, especially when taking account of the diversity of the form across genres. As such, the short story is defined relative to other prose forms in various traditions and styles, with the precise length of each story determined by each author's artistic intent or the requirements of the plot or depiction.Like the novel, the short story tradition has been defined and shaped through the markets available for publication, and thus, the form can be practically traced through the submission guidelines of publishing houses, print and online media that have solicited them. The short story has been considered both an apprenticeship form preceding more lengthy works, and a crafted form in its own right, collected together in books of similar length, price and distribution as novels.Thus, short story writers may define their works as part of the artistic and personal expression of the form. They may also attempt to resist categorization by genre and fixed form, finding such approaches limiting and counter-intuitive to artistic form and reasoning. 2. Factual Prose This is generally used for the writing of novels and short stories. Although examples of this kind of prose has existed throughout history, they did not actually develop into a systematic form until a few centuries ago. 3. LettersLetters are a form of prose that are a written or printed communication addressed to a person or organization which are usually transmitted by mail. 4. Novels Novels are a long story written in prose which gives a lot more freedom to the writer to experiment with lots of different literacy forms in one novel. 5. Diaries Diaries are a record of daily events, appointments, observations, etc. Or a book for keeping such a record and can be used in a personal sense or by a business. Three other kinds of prose are testimonies, journals and the personal essay which are less commonly used. 6. TestimonySome published oral or written autobiographical narratives are considered â€Å"testimonial literature† particularly when they present evidence or first person accounts of human rights abuses, violence and war, and living under conditions of social oppression. This usage of the term comes originally from Latin America and the Spanish term â€Å"testimonio† when it emerged from human rights tribunals, truth commissions, and other international human rights instruments in countries such as Chile and Argentina. One of the most famous, though controversial, of these works to be translated into English is I, Rigoberta Menchu.The autobiographies of Frederick Douglass can be considered among the earliest significant English-language works in this genre. 7. Journal A journal (through French from Latin diurnalis, daily) has several related meanings: * a daily record of events or business; a private journal is usually referred to as a d iary * a newspaper or other periodical, in the literal sense of one published each day * many publications issued at stated intervals, such as magazines, academic journals, or the record of the transactions of a society are often called journals.Although journal is sometimes used as a synonym for â€Å"magazine†, in academic use, a journal refers to a serious, scholarly publication that is peer-reviewed. A non-scholarly magazine written for an educated audience about an industry or an area of professional activity is usually called a professional magazine. 8. Personal essay â€Å"For more than four hundred years, the personal essay has been one of the richest and most vibrant of all literary forms. † (The Art of the Personal Essay by Phillip Lopate. ) The personal essay is also one of the most popular forms of creative nonfiction.A personal essay can be based on a personal experience that results in a lesson that you learn. A personal essay can also be a personal opini on about a topic or issue that is important to you. This article defines the personal essay. * Definition of the Personal Essay A personal essay is either a personal narrative in which the author writes about a personal incident or experience that provided significant personal meaning or a lesson learned, or it is a personal opinion about some topic or issue that is important to the writer. * Personal Essay as a Personal NarrativeA personal narrative has the following elements: * It is based on a personal experience in which you have gained significant meaning, insight, or learned a lesson. It can also be based on a milestone or life-altering event. * It is personal narrative. The writer tells the story by including dialogue, imagery, characterization, conflict, plot, and setting. * It is written in the first person. (â€Å"I† point-of-view) * It is an autobiographical story in which the writer describes an incident that resulted in some personal growth or development. * A pe rsonal essay is a glimpse of the writer’s life.The writer describes the personal experience using the scene-building technique, weaves a theme throughout the narrative, and makes an important point. There must be a lesson or meaning. The writer cannot just write an interesting story. * It does not have to be objective. However, the writer must express his/her feelings, thoughts, and emotions. * The writer uses self-disclosure and is honest with his/her readers. * The writer writes about a real life experience. The incident or experience must have occurred. The writer must use fact and truth. * The writer must dramatize the story by using the scene building technique.A scene includes setting/location, intimate details, concrete and specific descriptions, action, and often dialogue. * The Personal Essay as a Personal Opinion A personal essay can also be an opinion piece, an opinion that is based on a particular political or social concern or topic of interest. In this type of p ersonal essay, the writer can states the problem, provide solutions, and then write a conclusion—which must state an important point. Whatever the writer discusses, the topic is of interest to the writer. The writer frequently seeks to explain the truth or reality has he/she views it. Sometimes the writer ponders a question.Other times the writer explores a topic from his own perspective. The writer must not lecture, sermonize, or moralize. In other words, the writer must present his/her opinion in such a way that allows the readers decide for themselves. In Writing Life Stories, author Bill Roorbach provides an excellent definition of the personal essay, one that is based on a personal opinion. He states that the personal essay that is based on a personal opinion has these attributes: * A personal essay is a conversation with your readers. * The personal essay is an informed mixture of storytelling, facts, wisdom, and personality. The personal essay examines a subject outsid e of yourself, but through the lens of self. * The subject of the personal essay may be the self, but the self is treated as evidence for the argument. * Passages of narrative often appear but generally get used as evidence in the inductive argument. * The personal essay strives to say what is evident, and to come to a conclusion that the reader may agree or disagree. * A personal essay can wonder through its subject, circle around it, get the long view and the short, always providing experience, knowledge, book learning, and personal history.It should also be noted that a personal essay doesn’t need to be objective. It can be purely subjective. You don’t have to prove a point or show both sides of the argument. But you must express your own personal feelings, thoughts, and opinions on a topic or issue in a logical manner. * Subject for the Personal Essay Your subject can be about anything that you are passionate about. You can write about a â€Å"turning point† in your life, or a milestone, or adversity, such as death, illness, divorce. The subject you choose must have provided you with significant personal meaning or a lesson that you have learned.But, keep in mind, you are not just reflecting or remembering, you are going to make a point, some universal truth that your readers can appreciate. Otherwise, your story is just a story. So, write about the following: * Personal experience * Incident * Anecdote * Topic * Issue * A memory Your subject can also be a personal opinion on an issue or concern that is important to you, such as the garbage strike, crime, or unemployment. C. THE ELEMENTS OF THE SHORT STORY 1. PLOT The term short story is a relatively recent one. For example, Nathaniel Hawthorne 1837 collection of stories was titled Twice Told Tales.Today, the term tale suggests a simple narrative, told in chronological order. In the past, a short work was sometimes called a sketch. Today, sketch implies the narration of only single bri ef scene. Plot has been defined as â€Å"an author’s careful arrangement of incidents in a narrative to achieve a desired effect. The description of plot structure demonstrates how authors develop their stories: the discussion of techniques reveals how authors vary the chronology, provide hints of future action, sustain interest, and introduce the idea of chance or fate in the character’s lives. CAUSALITY A plot is a series of actions, often presented in chronological order, but the ingredient a plot has that a story lacks is causality. In a narrative with a plot, there is little that happens without a cause. * CONFLICT Even with the addition of causality, however, the concert ticket anecdote lacks another important ingredient. Traditionally, plots grow out of a conflict- an internal or an external struggle between the main character and an opposing force. When a story includes internal conflict, the main character is in conflict with himself or herself.In contrast, a n external conflict can occur between the central character and either another character, society, or natural source, including fate. The most common external force is another character. * PLOT STRUCTURE In literature, exposition refers to the explanatory information a reader needs to comprehend the situation in the story. Exposition establishes the setting, the major characters and some minor ones, the situation, and any necessary background information about what happened before the story began. The initiating incident is the event that changes the situation established in the exposition and sets the conflict in motion.The rising action, various episodes occur that develop complicate. In the rising action, various episodes occur that develop, complicate, or intensify the conflict. Climax has been defined in a number of ways: the point of greatest conflict, the emotional high point, the turning point in the plot, or the point at which one of the opposing forces gains the advantage. The events that follow the climax are known as the falling action. The falling action leads into the resolution or denouement of the story. The term resolution sometimes refers to all the events that follow the climax, including the denouement. . SETTING In the days of King Alfred there lived a poor woman, whose cottage was in a remote country village, many miles from London. Thus begins the old nursery tale â€Å"Jack and the Beanstalk. † The sentence describes the setting of the tale-that is, the time (in the days of King Alfred) and the place (a cottage in a remote country village far from London). Setting is so important that some readers base their literary likes and dislikes largely on the environment in a work-the future, early Rome, the English countryside, Los Angeles in the thirties, Detroit today, Cairo yesterday. ASPECTS OF SETTING Setting can be general (a city in the Midwest in the late nineteenth century), a specific (a three-story mansion on Pine street in Ch icago in 1885), or very detailed (the darkened parlour of that mansion at four o’clock on the first Tuesday in December). Setting usually functions as more than a backdrop for a story, however. * PURPOSES OF SETTING Setting may serve a number of purposes, such as influencing action, defining character, and contributing to mood. 3. CHARACTER As a literary term, a character is a person created from a work or fiction. CLASSIFYING CHARACTER In some cases, characters are veiled, autobiographical versions of the author. Often, they are people the author knows or people the author has observed or overheard. While the origin of a character is usually irrelevant, a character’s dimensionality and purpose in the story are important. 1. ) Round and Flat Character Round character is three dimensional character complexes enough to be able to surprise the reader without losing credibility. In contrast, a flat character is one whom Forster deems incapable of surprising the reader. ) M ajor and Minor Characters The term protagonist refers to the main or central character in fiction. Protagonist is an ancient Greek word for the central character of a drama. Rather, a more neutral and accurate word to describe the protagonist’s opponent is antagonist. Like protagonist, many antagonists will also be round characters, though it is possible for an antagonist to be flat character. Together, the protagonists and antagonists comprise the major characters. Characters other than major characters are classified as minor characters.A stereotyped character represents a category of people. The word stereotype comes from printing and refers to a metal mold used to mass produce duplicates of printing type. A final character category of character might be termed the piece of furniture character. 3. ) Active and Static Characters Another way to classifying characters is to label them as active (or dynamic) or static. An active character is one who changes because of what hap pens in the plot. Static characters, however, remain unchanged; their character is the same at the end of the story as at the beginning. . POINT OF VIEW AND TONE Point of view is the vantage point from which an author tells a story. There are two main points of view : first person ( I ) and third person ( he, she , they ) , but there are variations within these point of view. a. ) First Person (I) The â€Å"I† narrator is not the author. Instead, the author creates a persona or mask through which he or she tells the story. The â€Å"I† story may be a character in the story. IF there’s no â€Å"I’s,† the story is probably told from the third person point of view. b. ) Third PersonThe Third person point of view may be omniscient (in literally means â€Å"all knowing†): that is, may reveal the thoughts of all or most of the characters. In contrast, limited omniscient point of view focuses on the thoughts of a single character. One type of limit ed omniscience is the objective point of view, in which the author makes no commentary but records only those details that can be seen and heard, rather as a newspaper reporter does. Long works of fiction are often told from several points of view, but short stories are commonly presented from a single point of view. B. ToneTone in writing is somewhat like tone of voice in speech. Tone in writing is the author’s attitude towards the characters, the topic, or the readers, as expressed by the narrator, and it may come across in number of ways Tone in writing can be, among other thing, serious, introspective, satirical, sad, ironic, playful, condescending, formal and informal. Tone is achieved through descriptive details of setting and character, through dialogue, and through the narrator, direct comment and author tone is necessarily the same throughout a work, although in a short story, the same tone is usually maintained throughout. . Tone and Mood The terms tone and mood are sometimes confused. While tone conveys the author’s attitude, mood refers to the atmosphere in a story. Atmosphere may be mysterious, horror-filled, or serene. While both the tone and the mood of a story maybe the same (both may be sad, for example), it is usually common to distinguished between these to terms. Also, the mood of a story is not necessarily the same throughout. The climax may bring about a change from despair to triumph, or from anxiety to relief or from any mood another. b. Determining ToneOne way of determining the tone of the story his to decide what effect the story has on you. For example, if the author seems sympathetic or hostile to a character, you likely will be to. If the authors tone seems aloof, you may fill a corresponding aloofness. If the author tone is lightly satirical, the effect is likely to be amusement or a sense that the author satire is well aimed. 5. THEME Theme is an author’s insight or general observation about human nature or the human condition that is conveyed through characters, plot, and imagery.If you examine carefully these two quotations expressing theme, you should deduce two important clues to the nature of a theme statement: first, it is presented in a complete sentence, and second, its contents is debatable. a. Particularity and Universality Particullary refers to the uniqueness or singularity of a work of fiction. Universality, on the other hand, refers to the relevance or applicability of a fictional work to large groups of people across time and place. b. The roots of theme c. Locating theme Just focus first on elements of each story as you read.Examine those elements closely, rereading as needed. From the factual details of plot (especially conflict), character, and setting (especially imagery), clues to the author’s debatable opinion will emerge. d. Formulating a theme statement 1. Expressing theme as multiple statements. 2. Avoiding excessive theme statement. 6. STYLE Style is a w riter’s characteristic way of saying things. It is a product of both the character of the writer as an individual and the choices that he or she makes concerning diction , imagery, syntax and variety, and organizational structure. . Diction Diction refers to a writer’s choice of words. The words chosen can be described as general or specific ( tree versus weeping willow ) ; formal or informal ( â€Å" How do you do† versus â€Å"Hello† ); abstract or concrete ( honor or brotherhood versus desk ) ; common ( drat ); jargon ( any words understood by members of a specialized group such as doctors, teachers, astronauts ) ; Latin- based or Anglo-Saxon words ( make a hotel reservation versus book a room). Whatever the choice, the author’s dixtion needs to be both clear and appropriate.However, that in fiction the author’s diction does not need to be grammatical to be clear or appropriate. b. Imagery and symbol In literature, imagery extends to all the senses-sight, taste, smell, touch, and hearing. Imagery is also associated with figures of speech such as metaphor, personification, simile and others. A symbol is anything that signifies or stands for something else. In literature, symbol is anything concrete-an object, a place, a character, an action-that stands for suggest something abstract. c. SyntaxSyntax or sentence structure is the pattern or arrangement of individual words and phrases. A writer’s style also grows out of the mixture and variety of sentence patterns used in the writing. d. Organizational structure The organizational structure of most fiction is chronological: stories typically begin with exposition that established the setting, the chief characters, and the situation, including the conflict. 7. POPULAR SECTION a. Westerns The western story is a unique genre because the American frontier was a unique setting.Full of danger, hardship, beauty and the promise of wealth (or at least one’s own plo t of land), the frontier meant the opportunity to achieve the genuine independence. b. Detective and mystery A fiction that involves the unraveling of some puzzle or secret or crime is called a mystery. The classic detective story involves a police, private or amateur detective who investigates a crime and through observations, questioning, and deduction identifies the motive and the criminal from among a limited group of suspect. c. Fantasy and science fictionAll fiction is imaginary, but some of it can both be set in this world or in other world as we know it. Fantasy and science fiction can both be set in this world or in other worlds anytime. Both can and often do have social and political meaning. Fantasy has elements of the supernatural or magic. Science fiction, as its name suggest, its rooted in scientific and technological truths or in the possibility of scientific advancements based on what is known. Ghost and horror are stories that scare people have been popular and prof itable for a long time. References 1.Jane Bachman Gordon and Karen Kuehner, Fiction : The Elements of Fiction ( United States of America :1999 . PREFACE Alhamdulillahirobbilamin Gratitude belongs only to Almighty God, who has given his affection and the author for taking the time to complete the Introduction to Literature paper under the title â€Å" Fiction or Prose as Literary Genre â€Å". The authors also thank for several people who have helped in the completion of this paper. Papers on â€Å"Fiction or Prose as a Literary Genre† was filled to fulfill one presentation task Introduction to Literature course.Writing this paper aims to provide further information about the literature as an esthetic and study and the challenges to be faced in the future. This paper was presented several efforts that can be done to maintain the Introduction to Literature. The authors are aware that this paper is still far from perfect. Therefore, the authors expect criticism and suggestions either in writing or orally from the lecturer of Introduction to Literature course DR. Alek ,M. Pd so writers can develop science , especially the science of Introduction to Literature.

Human Resources Planning for Hospitality and Tourism

Graduate School Trisakti Institute of Tourism Final Assignment (Problem Solving) Course : Human Resources Planning for Hospitality and Tourism Lectrurer : Prof. Syamsir Abduh, PhD Case Study 1 Brunt Hotels, PLC, owns more than 60 hotels throughout the United Kingdom. They recently acquired a small hotel chain headquartered in France. Brunt’s chief executive decided that half of the new hotels in France would be retained and rebranded as part of the Brunt Hotels Group; the other half will be sold.This will support Brunt’s strategic objective of growing the organization slowly to make sure that new ventures are well supported and opened on time and on budget. Brunt’s hotels are considered budget accommodations; they are functional, clean and reasonably priced. Additional information about UK hotel standards is available at Most guests stay for one to three nights and are a combination of business and leisure travellers. The hotels are typically situated in downtown locations that are easily accessible by mass transit. Relevant materials: Hospitality and Tourism RelationshipTourists are attracted to these hotels in popular visitor destinations where the many local attractions mean that they will not be spending much time in their hotel rooms. The organization has decided to use an ethnocentric approach and send some of their existing UK-based managers to France to lead the changeover of the new hotels and then manage them after they re-open. If this new overseas venture is successful, Brunt may decide to acquire other small hotel groups in other European countries. The organization would like to own 150 hotels in the next five years. Their 10-year plan is to own 300 hotels across Europe.This is an ambitious target, so it is important that the organization finds an effective formula to operate successfully in other countries. The management team decides to select only one of the three proposed training programs, confident that it will be useful and informative for the new expatriates. However, they would also like to provide external support for the new expatriates to make their transition to a new country as smooth as possible. They are aware of some of the services that can be offered to support employees on both a personal and professional level, but do not have a comprehensive overview.Question: The management team asks you to conduct Internet-based research to find out what expatriate support services are available. Case Study 2 (see the case study 1: Brunt Hotels) The management team liked your recruitment advertisement, but realized that they did not consider the salary for these new positions! Since the organization has never hired managers to work outside the UK before, they do not know how to start determining the compensation. They provide you with the following information that they found on the Internet: * Existing salary for managers is ? 0,000 (45,000 Euros) plus bonuses. * Surveys show that the average salary for hotel managers in France is 60,000 Euros with no opportunity to earn bonuses. The directors want to have a consistent approach as to how they compensate expatriates because they expect their overseas business to expand in the future. They also want existing employees to be enticed into working abroad and want to have a good range of incentives. Question : Design a compensation package for the hotel management position. Explain the rationale for your design.You may also include non-financial benefits. Case Study 3 This is a case of two competing hotels, Sunrise Hotel and Beachside Hotel that are both located in a medium sized, tourism based town in the Northeast U. S. The hotels are both competing for the same set of guests, as well as the same set of potential employees. They are both budget hotels, right next door to each other, with 60 guest rooms each and a view of the beach. The occupancy during peak season for the Sunrise Hotel is 98%, but during the winter months goes down to 65%.The Beachside Hotel has peak season occupanc y of 90% and off peak occupancy of 50%. Joe is the General Manager of Sunrise Hotel and has been in his current position for 5 years. He has been with Sunrise Hotel for a total of 10 years. He worked his way up at Sunrise Hotel from front desk agent to front desk supervisor, and finally to Assistant General Manager before he became the General Manager. He does a good job of screening potential employees for his front desk area of the hotel because he realizes the importance of that area of the hotel, especially in tourist areas.He also has incentives set up for excellent performance of the front desk agents and training and development programs designed to give everyone information that will help them do their job better. There is a sense of teamwork at Sunrise Hotel and that helps everyone want to do a good job. His guest satisfaction ratings for his hotel are overall excellent. On a rating scale of 1–10, his hotel averages a 9. The average length of tenure of his employees is 4 years, and his current front desk supervisor was promoted from within, along with his Assistant General Manager.Because of the small size of the hotel, Joe is actually involved with all of the hiring decisions and helps to give training programs himself, along with his leadership team. The employee turnover at the Sunrise Hotel is 25% overall and that is primarily when hourly employees graduate high school or college and leave the Sunrise Hotel for a career somewhere else. Brian is the General Manager of the Beachside Hotel and deals with a very different situation. Brian was brought in from another hotel in the same hotel group about 6 months ago.He was told by his boss that he needed to â€Å"fix† this hotel so that it would start having better customer satisfaction ratings and more return guests. Despite the fairly high occupancy noted during peak seasons, the off peak season occupancy is only 50%. Also noted by his boss, the occupancy should be as good as the Sunrise Hotel. Brian has been with his hotel group now for 2 years and he came out of the accounting and finance department in his old hotel. He has a great understanding of the numbers in the lodging industry, but has not been involved with the human resource aspects of the job.The turnover of hourly employees at Beachside Hotel is 120% and that means that Brian is constantly running the hotel short handed and with new employees. The Beachside Hotel has been doing the hiring through a human resource practitioner in the hotel that was put in the position because she really could not handle serving guests at the front desk very well. Mary was promoted to human resources a year ago after she had one too many altercations with the guests at the front desk. The owner of the hotel wanted to make sure that she would not make any of the other guests angry, so he promoted her to a human resources practitioner.Since that time, she has been busy trying to keep up with hiring and she has had no time for training employees. Because she is so busy, paychecks often come out to employees late, there are no policies written down for employees to use as a guide for performance, customers are treated badly by new and poorly trained employees, and the departments of the hotel do not communicate very effectively and therefore everyone blames everyone else when things go wrong. The average length of tenure of the front desk agents at the Beachside Hotel is 3 months and the customer satisfaction rating at the Beachside is a 6 out of a 10 possible rating.Most of the front desk agents that are hired come from other hotels in the area after they quit or are fired. Brian is not involved in the hiring for the hotel at all, and does not get involved with training and development. He spends most of his days looking at the financial reports for the hotel and analyzing average daily rate, occupancy rates, and REVPAR. Brian knows that he has many problems to deal with and so he goes to the Sunrise Hotel to observe things over there for a while. He sees a happy crew and talks to Joe about how he is making that happen.Joe is happy to help, but wants Brian to go back and observe his employees first and come up with ways that he specifically can help guide Brian. Questions: 1. What could Brian learn from Joe in terms of the human capital aspects of running a hotel? 2. What human resource planning initiatives could be undertaken by either the Sunrise Hotel or Beachside Hotel in order to help with the overall performance of their respective organizations? Available from:| Monday, 3 December 2012, 07:00 AM| Due date:| Monday, 3 December 2012, 12:30 PM|